Senses and Child Development for Neurotransmission -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSenses and Child Development for Neurotransmission. Answer: Introduction In our daily life, there are many experiences in the world such as noise, soft talks, pain among others and there are organs that are used to transmit information to the brain. In the central nervous system, there are neurons which are used to conduct impulses using axons or nerve fibers. There are three main categories of neurons namely: sensory neurons, interneurons as well as motor neurons and each of them has its function in the body. The brain becomes what it is due to its functional and structural properties of the interlinked neurons. The brain of all mammals has between a hundred million and hundred billion neuron which depends on the organism. Each neuron in the body has a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. Neurons transmit signals from one location to the other, around different regions of the nervous system. Additionally, they also link the sense receptors to the central nervous system. It is also their role to link one section of the nervous system to the other, for insta nce, in the spine and the brain. They transmit signals from the nervous system to parts like the glands and muscles which are known as the effector organs (Maric et al., 2017, p. 157). After stimulating the neurons, they transmit electrical impulses. A motor neuron has a nucleus which is enclosed by cytoplasm. This cytoplasm creates an extended fiber which is bounded by a membrane of a cell known as an axon. The axon transmits the electrical impulse which is secured by a fatty sheath, and it is a bit like a plastic covering around an electrical wire. This fatty sheath tends to increase the speed of transmitting a nerve impulse. The nerve ending branches to form a good connection with the effector neurons or other neurons. Evidently, where two neurons meet, they do not make a direct connection but instead, where they tend to meet there is somehow a very small gap which is referred to as a synapse. Additionally, the signals need to cross the synapse in order to continue with their jou rney from or to the central nervous system. The entire idea is done using chemicals which usually diffuse through the gap which is left between two neurons. When the neurons send or receive messages, they carry electric impulses in their axons. The fatty sheath in the axons are made by using unique cell known as glia. Additionally, the glia which makes the sheath in the brain are known as oligodendrocytes, and also referred to as Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. When the impulses are transmitted to the brain through the neurons, the brain tells the entire body how to react by sending impulses through the neurons again (Sando et al., 2017, p. 319). For instance, if an individual accidentally steps on a hot coal, the nerves located in the skin send a message of pain to the brain, and the brain sends a message to the nerves informing the muscles to react by pulling the leg away from the hot coal. List of Human Senses Humans have five senses namely: sight which enables people to see, smell used for smelling, touch, hearing, and taste. Importance of Touching a Baby All parents should be aware of the importance of touching or massaging their baby regularly and understand that it is a tactic to offer them much more, creating more time for bonding and giving them healthier development. One of the major significant experiences for their babys happy growth is giving them a loving touch. Evidently, research reveals that regular massage and touch by a caregiver or a parent are important to the babys development, learning, and communication(Gonalves et al., 2013, p. 830). Research reveals that touching a baby may lead to enhanced cognitive, physiological, emotional as well as social development. Particularly, baby massage to proven to improve mental growth and increase the level of attentiveness and alertness in children. Research shows that lack of physical touch during the babys early years may result to slow growth. In other words, infants who do not experience physical contact with the mothers grow at a slower rate compared to those who are regularly touched. Physical contact enables children to increase their mental growth within the first six months from birth whereas those babies with limited physical contact develop at a slower rate. Additionally, enhanced cognitive development is likely to be seen to last long as late as eight years of age which illustrates the benefits of touch to a baby. Parents should understand that their babys initial emotional bonds are built from physical touch, and they serve as the base for intellectual and emotional development later in babys life. Notably, gentle touch may assist small babies to grow much stronger and reduce the level of feeling anxious. In many birth centers or hospitals, infants are placed on the chest of the mother or the abdomen part in order to give them skin-to-skin contact. Additionally, the touch between the baby and the mother brings the close to each other emotionally, and it is known as attachment or bonding. Research proves that premature babies who are touched or massaged while still in the hospital are likely to gain weight and are also ready to be taken back home together with their parents much earlier than infants who are not touched (Gonalves et al., 2013, p. 831). Parents should also learn that touching a baby more often makes them cry less. Research suggests that increasing mother to a baby contact reduces the level of crying. It was proven by the way mothers carry their babies, and research shows that babies who are carried for a long time cry less especially the first six weeks when babies cry the most. Babies tend to feel safe when they are touched, and it increases the sense of security compared to when they are left alone or untouched (Corbetta and Snapp-Childs, 2009, p. 50). Additionally, some mothers are afraid of holding their children for long because they are afraid they will get spoilt rather this is not the truth. Touching a baby makes them feel that their mother cares about them and their needs are understood. Mothers should not hesitate to hold their babies whenever they cry because it brings a sense of love to their babies. References Corbetta, D. and Snapp-Childs, W. (2009) Seeing and touching: The role of sensory-motor experience on the development of infant reaching, Infant Behavior and Development, 32(1), pp. 4458. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.10.004. Gonalves, R. V., Figueiredo, E. M., Mouro, C. B., Colosimo, E. A., Fonseca, S. T. and Mancini, M. C. (2013) Development of infant reaching behaviors: Kinematic changes in touching and hitting, Infant Behavior and Development, 36(4), pp. 825832. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.09.009. Maric, H. M., Hausrat, T. J., Neubert, F., Dalby, N. O., Doose, S., Sauer, M., Kneussel, M. and Strmgaard, K. (2017) Gephyrin-binding peptides visualize postsynaptic sites and modulate neurotransmission., Nature Chemical Biology, 13(2), pp. 153160. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2246. Sando, R., Bushong, E., Zhu, Y., Huang, M., Considine, C., Phan, S., Ju, S., Uytiepo, M., Ellisman, M. and Maximov, A. (2017) Assembly of Excitatory Synapses in the Absence of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission, Neuron, 94(2), p. 312321.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.047.